Tempo:
Footings, Foundations and Slabs
FOOTINGS Footings receive house loads through foundation walls or columns and transmit these loads to the soil. The type and size of footings must be suitable for soil conditions and be located below the frost level. Alternatively, they must be placed on material that is not susceptible to frost action or otherwise protected by exterior insulation. Insulation may be used to protect shallow foundations from frost, but this requires a professional design. Because water must be present for frost to occur, frost action can be further minimized by providing good drainage around the foundation to direct water away from the building. Footings should rest on undisturbed soil, rock or compacted granular material. The latter must not contain pyritic shale, a material found in the St. Lawrence lowlands and prone to swelling.
Table 3 (p. 264) shows the minimum depths for several soil conditions. A foundation built on fill should extend down to undisturbed earth or be designed to suit the ability of the fill to support the building loads.
Wall Footings The size of wall footings should comply with building code requirements. Table 4 (p. 265) shows minimum concrete sizes for average, stable soil and the number of stories supported. If the distance to the water table from the bearing surface is less than the width of the footings, the footing sizes in Table 4 must be doubled. Footings should project beyond each side of the wall by at least 100 mm (4 in.), and the thickness of unreinforced footings should be no less than their projection beyond the wall. Footings must never be less than 100 mm
FOOTINGS Footings receive house loads through foundation walls or columns and transmit these loads to the soil. The type and size of footings must be suitable for soil conditions and be located below the frost level. Alternatively, they must be placed on material that is not susceptible to frost action or otherwise protected by exterior insulation. Insulation may be used to protect shallow foundations from frost, but this requires a professional design. Because water must be present for frost to occur, frost action can be further minimized by providing good drainage around the foundation to direct water away from the building. Footings should rest on undisturbed soil, rock or compacted granular material. The latter must not contain pyritic shale, a material found in the St. Lawrence lowlands and prone to swelling.
Table 3 (p. 264) shows the minimum depths for several soil conditions. A foundation built on fill should extend down to undisturbed earth or be designed to suit the ability of the fill to support the building loads.
Wall Footings The size of wall footings should comply with building code requirements. Table 4 (p. 265) shows minimum concrete sizes for average, stable soil and the number of stories supported. If the distance to the water table from the bearing surface is less than the width of the footings, the footing sizes in Table 4 must be doubled. Footings should project beyond each side of the wall by at least 100 mm (4 in.), and the thickness of unreinforced footings should be no less than their projection beyond the wall. Footings must never be less than 100 mm
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