Direct techniques – entry into the phase without any prior sleep, after excessive physical movement upon awakening, or having been awake for at least five minutes. Dream consciousness – entry into the phase through becoming consciously aware while a dream episode is happening. Cycles of indirect techniques - the easiest way to enter the phase, employed by rapidly alternating certain techniques upon awakening from sleep until one of them works. Dissociation – separation; in this case, a scientific term describing experiences in the phase. Sleep paralysis – a stupor; the complete immobilization that often occurs when falling asleep, awakening, and entering or exiting the phase. Stencil – the real physical body that is no longer perceived while in the phase. Deepening the phase – methods for making the phase as realistic as possible by stabilizing the surrounding space. Maintaining the phase – methods for maintaining the phase state by preventing a lapse into sleep, a return to reality, or an imagined return to reality. REM – rapid eye movement sleep (REM phase); a sleep phase characterized by increased brain activity that is accompanied by rapid eye movement and dreaming. SOBT – School of Our-of-Body Travel (first edition of this book). Foul – an inadvertent termination of the phase through a spontaneous return to everyday reality. FFA – forced falling asleep.