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APPENDIXES APPENDIX I
THE JATS ANET JATS OF UPPER INDIA According to the dictionaries Jat means a race, a race so called, while Jat means manner, kind, and likewise matted hair. But throughout Punjab Jat also implies a fleece, a fell of hair; and in Upper Sind a Jat now means a rearer of camels or of black cattle, or a shepherd in opposition to a husbandman. In the Punjab generally a Jat means still a villager, a rustic par excellence, as one of the race by far the most numerous, and as opposed to one engaged in trade or handicraft. This was observed by the author of the Dahistan nearly two centuries ago {Dahistan, ii. 252); but since the Jats of Lahore and the Jats of the Jumna have acquired power, the term is becoming more restricted, and is occasionally employed to -mean simply one of that particular race. The Jats merge on one side into the Rajput§, and on the other into the Afghans, the names of the Jat subdivisions being the same with those of Rajputs in the east, and again with those of Afghans, and even Baluchis, in the west, and many obscure tribes being able to show plausibly that at least they are as likely to be Rajputs or Afghans as to be Jats. The Jats are indeed enumerated among the arbitrary or conventional thirty-six royal races of the local bards of Rajputana (Tod's Rajasthan, i. 106), and they themselves claim affinity with the Bhotias, and aspire to a lunar origin, as is done by the Raja of Patiala. As instances of the narrow and confused state of our knowledge regarding the people of India, it may be mentioned that the Birks (or Virks) one of the most distinguished tribes of Jats, is admitted among the Chaluk Rajputs by Tod (i. 100) and that there are Kukker and Kakar Jats, Kukker Kokur, and Kakar Afghans, besides Gakhars, not included in any of the three races. Further, the family of Umarkot in Sind is stated by Tod (Rajasthan,'!. 92, 93) to be Pramar (or Powar), while the tribe, or a particular
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THE JATS ANET JATS OF UPPER INDIA According to the dictionaries Jat means a race, a race so called, while Jat means manner, kind, and likewise matted hair. But throughout Punjab Jat also implies a fleece, a fell of hair; and in Upper Sind a Jat now means a rearer of camels or of black cattle, or a shepherd in opposition to a husbandman. In the Punjab generally a Jat means still a villager, a rustic par excellence, as one of the race by far the most numerous, and as opposed to one engaged in trade or handicraft. This was observed by the author of the Dahistan nearly two centuries ago {Dahistan, ii. 252); but since the Jats of Lahore and the Jats of the Jumna have acquired power, the term is becoming more restricted, and is occasionally employed to -mean simply one of that particular race. The Jats merge on one side into the Rajput§, and on the other into the Afghans, the names of the Jat subdivisions being the same with those of Rajputs in the east, and again with those of Afghans, and even Baluchis, in the west, and many obscure tribes being able to show plausibly that at least they are as likely to be Rajputs or Afghans as to be Jats. The Jats are indeed enumerated among the arbitrary or conventional thirty-six royal races of the local bards of Rajputana (Tod's Rajasthan, i. 106), and they themselves claim affinity with the Bhotias, and aspire to a lunar origin, as is done by the Raja of Patiala. As instances of the narrow and confused state of our knowledge regarding the people of India, it may be mentioned that the Birks (or Virks) one of the most distinguished tribes of Jats, is admitted among the Chaluk Rajputs by Tod (i. 100) and that there are Kukker and Kakar Jats, Kukker Kokur, and Kakar Afghans, besides Gakhars, not included in any of the three races. Further, the family of Umarkot in Sind is stated by Tod (Rajasthan,'!. 92, 93) to be Pramar (or Powar), while the tribe, or a particular
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