Tempo:
Ensure the concrete has cured and the first floor framing is in place to provide lateral support before backfilling.
Roof Framing
Framing Wood-frame construction is comprised of main structural members (the framing) and sheathing (oriented strand board or plywood that provides stiffness). The combination of framing members and sheathing provides rigidity, space for insulation and a framework for supporting interior finishes and exterior components. See Chapters 8 to 11 for more information.
Floor Framing
Use span tables to select the joist size for the lumber species and grade, joist spacing, span and loads. Where in-floor heating requires concrete topping, floor joists should be deeper or more closely spaced. Consider how plumbing and ductwork will be installed without disrupting the floor system. Use floor sheathing and sub-flooring appropriate for the joist spacing and the type of floor finish.
Wall Framing
Wood panel wall sheathing provides significant resistance to lateral loads from high winds and earthquakes. In areas with a risk of high winds and earthquake loads, thicker sheathing, closer nailing patterns and the provision of “braced panels” may be required to strengthen walls. Select appropriate sheathing thickness and nailing patterns to provide adequate resistance to lateral loads. Select a wall arrangement that will accommodate the necessary amount of insulation for your climate zone. Provide wall framing deep enough for the required insulation and locate pipes or ducts in interior walls.
Design the roof system to support local snow and wind loads and the weight of the roofing materials that will be used. Consider designing the roof structure to support future solar thermal and photovoltaic panels. Consult an engineer to ensure that the roof design addresses loading and electrical requirements. Use raised-heel trusses or deep rafters so there is room for adequate ceiling insulation where the roof meets the wall. Provide adequate ventilation in the roof space to prevent moisture from accumulating in the attic.
Exterior Finishes In addition to enhancing appearance, exterior finishes serve as a barrier to the elements. The cladding is the first plane of protection for water penetration control. Exterior finishes include a wide variety of cladding materials (wood siding, brick veneer, vinyl siding, cementitious siding) as well as flashing, trim boards and sealant. Windows and doors and the roof covering are also part of the exterior finishes. See Chapters 5, 12 and 13 for more information on exterior finishes.
Flashing The purpose of flashing is to prevent water from entering the building envelope and to intercept any that passes the first plane of protection and direct it to the exterior. Flashing is usually required wherever there is a discontinuity on exterior surfaces (for example, above windows), where there is a change in cladding materials (for example, vinyl siding above brick cladding), and at roof valleys. Carefully plan the location of flashing to fit with roofing materials, brick joints, sheathing membranes, windows, skylights and doors. See Chapter 14 for more information.
Roof Framing
Framing Wood-frame construction is comprised of main structural members (the framing) and sheathing (oriented strand board or plywood that provides stiffness). The combination of framing members and sheathing provides rigidity, space for insulation and a framework for supporting interior finishes and exterior components. See Chapters 8 to 11 for more information.
Floor Framing
Use span tables to select the joist size for the lumber species and grade, joist spacing, span and loads. Where in-floor heating requires concrete topping, floor joists should be deeper or more closely spaced. Consider how plumbing and ductwork will be installed without disrupting the floor system. Use floor sheathing and sub-flooring appropriate for the joist spacing and the type of floor finish.
Wall Framing
Wood panel wall sheathing provides significant resistance to lateral loads from high winds and earthquakes. In areas with a risk of high winds and earthquake loads, thicker sheathing, closer nailing patterns and the provision of “braced panels” may be required to strengthen walls. Select appropriate sheathing thickness and nailing patterns to provide adequate resistance to lateral loads. Select a wall arrangement that will accommodate the necessary amount of insulation for your climate zone. Provide wall framing deep enough for the required insulation and locate pipes or ducts in interior walls.
Design the roof system to support local snow and wind loads and the weight of the roofing materials that will be used. Consider designing the roof structure to support future solar thermal and photovoltaic panels. Consult an engineer to ensure that the roof design addresses loading and electrical requirements. Use raised-heel trusses or deep rafters so there is room for adequate ceiling insulation where the roof meets the wall. Provide adequate ventilation in the roof space to prevent moisture from accumulating in the attic.
Exterior Finishes In addition to enhancing appearance, exterior finishes serve as a barrier to the elements. The cladding is the first plane of protection for water penetration control. Exterior finishes include a wide variety of cladding materials (wood siding, brick veneer, vinyl siding, cementitious siding) as well as flashing, trim boards and sealant. Windows and doors and the roof covering are also part of the exterior finishes. See Chapters 5, 12 and 13 for more information on exterior finishes.
Flashing The purpose of flashing is to prevent water from entering the building envelope and to intercept any that passes the first plane of protection and direct it to the exterior. Flashing is usually required wherever there is a discontinuity on exterior surfaces (for example, above windows), where there is a change in cladding materials (for example, vinyl siding above brick cladding), and at roof valleys. Carefully plan the location of flashing to fit with roofing materials, brick joints, sheathing membranes, windows, skylights and doors. See Chapter 14 for more information.
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