Since the psychical faculties of mankind are in course of evolution,and individuals are at all stages of their development, this class naturally melts by imperceptible gradations into the former one. 4. The Blkck Magician or his pupil. This class corresponds somewhat to the first,except that the develop- ment has been for evil instead of good, and the powers acquired are used for purely selfish purposes instead of for the benefit of humanity. Among its lower ranks come members of the negro race who practise the ghastly rites of the Obeah or Voocipo schools, and the medicine-men of manya savage tribe; while higher in intellect, and therefore the more blameworthy, stand the Tibetan black magicians, who are often* though incorrectly, called by Europeans Dugpaj—a title properly belonging, as is quite correctly explained by Surgeon-Major Waddell in his boak on The Buddhism of Tibet*ov\y to the Bhotanese subdivision of the great Kargyu sect, which is part of what may be called the semi-reformed school of Tibetan Buddhism. The Dugpas no doubt deal in Tantrik magic to a considerable’ extent, but the real red-hatted entirely unreformed sect is that’of the Nin-ma-pa, though far beyond them in a still low f er depth lie the Bon-pa—the votaries of the aboriginal religion,