Tempo:
296
Appendix 2
currently in use in Sikh gurdwaras are based on the copies ofBhai Mani Singh's hir written at Dam Dama.
Contributors The Adi Granth which is now recognized as authentic and used for worship in gurdwaras is an enormous volume consisting of nearly 6000 hymns. Its contributors can be divided into four categories: (A) SIKH GURUS. These include the first five gurus and the ninth guru, Tegh Bahadur. The largest number (2218) are from the pen of Guru Arjun, followed by Guru Nanak (974), Amar Das (907), Ram Das (679), Tegh Bahadur (115), and Angad (62). (B) RTNOU BHAKTAS AND MUSLIM sUF1s. Hymns of sixteen Bhaktas and Siifis are in the Granth. In chronological order they are Jai Dev of Bengal; Farid of the Punjab; Nam Dev, TriJochan and Parmanand of Maharashtra, Sadhna the Sindhi; Beni and Ramananda ofUttar Pradesh; Dhanna of Rajasthan; Pipa, Sain, Kabir, and Ravidas of Uttar Pradesh; Mira Bai of Rajasthan; Bhik.han of Uttar Pradesh; and Sur Das, the blind poet of Oudh. Of these the greatest number are those of the Muslim weaver of Benares. Kabir, and Farid, the Sufi mystic of Pak Pattan. The hymns of the Bhaktas and Sufis in the Granth Sahib represent four centuries of Indian religious thought. They do not, however, correspond strictly to the versions now airrent in Hindi, Marathi, or the other languages in which they are said to have been originally written. Apparently, by the time they came to be known in the Punjab, they had undergone certain linguistic alterations. But once they had been incorporated in the Granth, no further changes were introduced in the text. It is more Lhan likely that the only genuine compositions of the Bhaktas and Sufis that exist are those found in the Granth: others now ascribed to them have been touched up by their followers. (C) BHA'ITS OR BARDS. There were several bards in the courts of the gurus. Their compositions were largely panegyrics in praise of their masters. It is not easy to determine the exact number of the Bhans, since most of them used poetic names which merged in the hymn as if they were an integral part and not mere pseudonyms. The Bhaktas, Sufis, and Bhatts between them account for 937 hymns. (o) OTHER CONTRIBlITORS. The compositions of men like Mardana, the Muslim companion and disciple of Guru Nanak; Sundar, who is the author of an elegy, the Ram Kali Sad and the eulogistic ballad ( var) of Satta and Balwand, do not fall within the three categories listed above.
Appendix 2
currently in use in Sikh gurdwaras are based on the copies ofBhai Mani Singh's hir written at Dam Dama.
Contributors The Adi Granth which is now recognized as authentic and used for worship in gurdwaras is an enormous volume consisting of nearly 6000 hymns. Its contributors can be divided into four categories: (A) SIKH GURUS. These include the first five gurus and the ninth guru, Tegh Bahadur. The largest number (2218) are from the pen of Guru Arjun, followed by Guru Nanak (974), Amar Das (907), Ram Das (679), Tegh Bahadur (115), and Angad (62). (B) RTNOU BHAKTAS AND MUSLIM sUF1s. Hymns of sixteen Bhaktas and Siifis are in the Granth. In chronological order they are Jai Dev of Bengal; Farid of the Punjab; Nam Dev, TriJochan and Parmanand of Maharashtra, Sadhna the Sindhi; Beni and Ramananda ofUttar Pradesh; Dhanna of Rajasthan; Pipa, Sain, Kabir, and Ravidas of Uttar Pradesh; Mira Bai of Rajasthan; Bhik.han of Uttar Pradesh; and Sur Das, the blind poet of Oudh. Of these the greatest number are those of the Muslim weaver of Benares. Kabir, and Farid, the Sufi mystic of Pak Pattan. The hymns of the Bhaktas and Sufis in the Granth Sahib represent four centuries of Indian religious thought. They do not, however, correspond strictly to the versions now airrent in Hindi, Marathi, or the other languages in which they are said to have been originally written. Apparently, by the time they came to be known in the Punjab, they had undergone certain linguistic alterations. But once they had been incorporated in the Granth, no further changes were introduced in the text. It is more Lhan likely that the only genuine compositions of the Bhaktas and Sufis that exist are those found in the Granth: others now ascribed to them have been touched up by their followers. (C) BHA'ITS OR BARDS. There were several bards in the courts of the gurus. Their compositions were largely panegyrics in praise of their masters. It is not easy to determine the exact number of the Bhans, since most of them used poetic names which merged in the hymn as if they were an integral part and not mere pseudonyms. The Bhaktas, Sufis, and Bhatts between them account for 937 hymns. (o) OTHER CONTRIBlITORS. The compositions of men like Mardana, the Muslim companion and disciple of Guru Nanak; Sundar, who is the author of an elegy, the Ram Kali Sad and the eulogistic ballad ( var) of Satta and Balwand, do not fall within the three categories listed above.
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