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Punjab Monarchy and Imperialism
and possessed one of the most powerful and disciplined armies in the whole of Asia.26 Ranjit Singh summed up his own achievements in the following words: 'My kingdom is a great kingdom: it was small, it is now large; it was scattered, broken, and divided; it is now consolidated: it must increase in prosperity, and descend undivided to my posterity. The maxims of Taimur have guided me; what he professed and ordered I have done. By counsd and providence, combined with valour, I have conquered; and by generosity, discipline, and policy, I have regulated and consolidated my government. I have rewarded the bold. and enc01.rraged merit wherever it was to be found; on the field of battle, I exalted the valiant; with my troops I have shared all dangers, all fatigues. Both on the field and in the cabinet I shut partiality from my soul, and closed my eyes to personal comfort; with the robe of empire, I put on the mantle of care; I fed faqirs and holy men, and gained their prayers; the guilty as the innocent I spared; and those whose hands were raised against myself have met my clemency; Sri Purakhji [God) has therefore been merciful to his servant, and increased his power, so that his territory now extends to the borders of China and the limits of the Afghans, with all Multan, and the rich possessions beyond the Sutlej. ' 27
food-wheat-was founeen annas per maund. In 1961 it fluctuated between Rs J 8 and Rs 20 per maund, that is, more than twenty times as much. 26 Shahamat Ali"s estimate {pp. 23-5) of the Durbar army (exclusive of garrison u-oops) in 1839 was 31 regiments of infantry, 9 regiments of cavalry, 288 pieces of artillery of various calibre. 1 J,800 irregular sowars. The cost of maimaining this army was, according to Shahamat Ali, Rs 12.796,482 (i.e., more than one third of the state's income). Besides this. the jagirdars furnished 9 regiments of infantry, 5 regiments of cavalry, 87 pieces of artillery, and 6460 irregular horsemen. 27 Major H. M. L. Lawrence. Advmtur,s of an Officer in tlu Pt171Jflub I, 64-5,
Punjab Monarchy and Imperialism
and possessed one of the most powerful and disciplined armies in the whole of Asia.26 Ranjit Singh summed up his own achievements in the following words: 'My kingdom is a great kingdom: it was small, it is now large; it was scattered, broken, and divided; it is now consolidated: it must increase in prosperity, and descend undivided to my posterity. The maxims of Taimur have guided me; what he professed and ordered I have done. By counsd and providence, combined with valour, I have conquered; and by generosity, discipline, and policy, I have regulated and consolidated my government. I have rewarded the bold. and enc01.rraged merit wherever it was to be found; on the field of battle, I exalted the valiant; with my troops I have shared all dangers, all fatigues. Both on the field and in the cabinet I shut partiality from my soul, and closed my eyes to personal comfort; with the robe of empire, I put on the mantle of care; I fed faqirs and holy men, and gained their prayers; the guilty as the innocent I spared; and those whose hands were raised against myself have met my clemency; Sri Purakhji [God) has therefore been merciful to his servant, and increased his power, so that his territory now extends to the borders of China and the limits of the Afghans, with all Multan, and the rich possessions beyond the Sutlej. ' 27
food-wheat-was founeen annas per maund. In 1961 it fluctuated between Rs J 8 and Rs 20 per maund, that is, more than twenty times as much. 26 Shahamat Ali"s estimate {pp. 23-5) of the Durbar army (exclusive of garrison u-oops) in 1839 was 31 regiments of infantry, 9 regiments of cavalry, 288 pieces of artillery of various calibre. 1 J,800 irregular sowars. The cost of maimaining this army was, according to Shahamat Ali, Rs 12.796,482 (i.e., more than one third of the state's income). Besides this. the jagirdars furnished 9 regiments of infantry, 5 regiments of cavalry, 87 pieces of artillery, and 6460 irregular horsemen. 27 Major H. M. L. Lawrence. Advmtur,s of an Officer in tlu Pt171Jflub I, 64-5,
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