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History of the Sikhs

CUNNINGHAM

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CONTENTS
XXIX PAGE
A. D.
Shankar Acharj
establishes
ascetic
and
Orders,
24
gives pre-eminence to Saivism 1000-1200. Ramanuj establishes other Orders, with Vishnu as a tutelary God Spiritual Teachers or Heads of Orders arrogate
25
.....
infallibility
26 26 27 27 27
Scepticism and heresy increase The Dogma of 'Maya' receives a moral application
General decline of Brahmanism Early Arab incursions into India but little felt Muhammadanism receives a fresh impulse on the conversion of the Turkomans
27 28
Muhammad invades India
1001. 1206.
Hindustan becomes
a
portion
separate
of the
Muhammadan World under the Ibaks
28 29
— and the conquerors become Indianized Action
and
reaction
..... of
Muhammadanism and 29 29
Brahmanism The popular belief unsettled About 1400. Ramanand establishes
.....*
a comprehensive Sect at Benares and introduces Hero-worship but maintains the equality of true believers before God Gorakhnath establishes a Sect in the Ptmjab and maintains the equalizing effect of religious

— I
30 31
..... ...... ..... .... .....
31 31
— penance — but causes further diversity by adopting Siva as the type of God
31
32
About 1450. The Vedas and Koran assailed by Kabir disciple of Ramanand
— and the mother tongue of the People used as an instrur ent — but Asceticism upheld still
1500-50. Chaitan preaches religious reform in Bengal insists upon the efficacy of Faith and admits of secular occupations

>
— — Vallabh extends the Reformation to the South — and further discountenances celibacy Recapitulation
.....
32
32 33 33 33 33 34 34 34
The reforms partial, and leading to Sectarianism 34 34 35 36 37 37 38 38
only
Nanak's views more comprehensive and profound 1469-1539. Nanak's Birth and early Life The mental struggles of Nanak He becomes a Teacher Dies, aged Seventy The excellences of Nanak's Doctrine
The Godhead
Muhammadans and Hindus worship God in Truth
.... .... .... equally
called
on to
1469- Faith, Grace and Good Works all necessary 1539. Nanak adopts the Brahmanical Philosophy; but in a popular sense, or by way of illustration only Nanak admits the Mission of Muhammad, as well as the Hindu Incarnations Disclaims miraculous powers Discourages Asceticism .
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38 39 39
40 40 40
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