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History of the Sikhs -vol1

Khuswant Singh

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Punjab Monarchy and hnperialism
state of the law, and appointed Bahadur Singh Hindustani to prepare a civil and criminal code. 2 Prince Sher Singh was given judicial training.
The 'Holy' War on the North-western Frontier: Fall of Syed Ahmed of Rai Bareli Within one year of their defeat at Naushera, the tribes of the north-west frontier again challenged the sovereignty of the Durbar. The centre of the insurrection was at Sitana, near which Hari Singh Nalwa had raised a fort named aftec him as Haripur. Nalwa was reduced to dire straits by the tribesmen until the Maharajah came to his rescue. Yar Mohammed again protested his loyalties and was re-installed at Peshawar. But early in 1827 the whole of the north-west frontier was in fermenL This time they were roused by one Syed Ahmed who had come all the way from India through Sindh to lead a jihad against the Sikhs. Before coming to the Pathan country Syed Ahmed and his two lieutenants, Shah Ismail and Maulvi Abdul Haye, had gone on an extensive tour of Hindustan and addressed mammoth gatherings of Indian Muslims, raised corps of volunteers and large sums of money. Among the patrons was the Mughal emperor and many Muslim rulers of Indian states, notably the Nawab ofTonk. The British government made no attempt to check this crusade against a state with which it had signed a treaty of friendship. Thousands of volunteers were trained and armed in India and then permitted to cross over to Sindh on their way to the north-west frontier of the Punjab. Organizations which collected arms and money for the crusaders were allowed to function without let or hindrance in many big cities of India.5 2 Sohan Lal Suri was appointed to assist Babadur Singh. No record of the written code has, however, been found. 3 Mirza Hairat Dehlvi writes in the Hayat-i-Taiyaba that, in consultation with Maulana Shah Mohammed Ismail, Syed Ahmed Shah informed the lieutenant governor of the north-weSt frontier province through Shaikh Gbulam Ali Reis of Allahabad that he was preparing for a jihad against the Sikhs and hoped that the British government bad no objection to it.
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