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Punjab Monarchy and Imperialism
In the autumn of 1821 the Maharajah ordered the sequestration of the estates of bis mother-in-law, Sada Kaur. Batala was given as jagirto Prince Sher Singh (Sada Kaur' s grandson through her daughter Mehtab Kaur) and the rest merged with Kangra. Sada Kaur, who was then in her seventies, was apprehended trying to cross over to British territory, and remained in protective custody until she died in December 1832. 11 The estates of Nawab Hafiz Ahmed Khan of Mankera lay on both sides of the Indus and included important towns like Leiah, Bhakkar, and Dera Ismail Khan. There was considerable commercial traffic on the river and the caravan route from Persia and Baluchistan to India passed through his territory. Despite the barren nature of the land, Mankera was worth ten lacs of rupees a year. It was also politically important. The Nawab, like other Muslim chieftains of the region, had become independent. But when forced by circumstances he, like they, preferred to pay tribute to the ruler of Kabul rather than to Lahore. In October 1821 the Maharajah crossed the Jhelum into Khushab. Ahmed Yar, chief of the Tiwanas, joined him with his body of horsemen. Misr Dewan Chand and Harl Singh Nalwa followed with their troops. The fort of Bbakkar capitulated without firing a shot. Ranjit Singh stayed on at Bhakkar and sent out two forces in different 11 Sada Kaur was a 'woman of bold and masatline turn ofmind' (Ross), who played an imponant pan in making ·Ranjit Singh the most powerful of all the Sardars of the Puajab. But once be had captured Lahore, she bad relied more on his help than he on hers. The failure of her danghter, Mehtab Kaur, Lo produce an heir-apparent and her inability to get on with her husband bad created a rift between Sada Kaur and Ranjit Singh. Sada Kaur had brought her daughter home to live with her and the two had been creating mischief ever since. They had plotted Ranjit Singh's downfall and were ever willing to spread hatred against him. Their role in the negotiations with Metcalfe in 1809 was little shon of treason. Ranjit Singh bad patiently borne the lash of her tongue and put up with her wayward loyalties because he respected her shrewd intuition and her boldness. But be distrusted her ambition and al the bottom of his heart hated her domineering ways.
Punjab Monarchy and Imperialism
In the autumn of 1821 the Maharajah ordered the sequestration of the estates of bis mother-in-law, Sada Kaur. Batala was given as jagirto Prince Sher Singh (Sada Kaur' s grandson through her daughter Mehtab Kaur) and the rest merged with Kangra. Sada Kaur, who was then in her seventies, was apprehended trying to cross over to British territory, and remained in protective custody until she died in December 1832. 11 The estates of Nawab Hafiz Ahmed Khan of Mankera lay on both sides of the Indus and included important towns like Leiah, Bhakkar, and Dera Ismail Khan. There was considerable commercial traffic on the river and the caravan route from Persia and Baluchistan to India passed through his territory. Despite the barren nature of the land, Mankera was worth ten lacs of rupees a year. It was also politically important. The Nawab, like other Muslim chieftains of the region, had become independent. But when forced by circumstances he, like they, preferred to pay tribute to the ruler of Kabul rather than to Lahore. In October 1821 the Maharajah crossed the Jhelum into Khushab. Ahmed Yar, chief of the Tiwanas, joined him with his body of horsemen. Misr Dewan Chand and Harl Singh Nalwa followed with their troops. The fort of Bbakkar capitulated without firing a shot. Ranjit Singh stayed on at Bhakkar and sent out two forces in different 11 Sada Kaur was a 'woman of bold and masatline turn ofmind' (Ross), who played an imponant pan in making ·Ranjit Singh the most powerful of all the Sardars of the Puajab. But once be had captured Lahore, she bad relied more on his help than he on hers. The failure of her danghter, Mehtab Kaur, Lo produce an heir-apparent and her inability to get on with her husband bad created a rift between Sada Kaur and Ranjit Singh. Sada Kaur had brought her daughter home to live with her and the two had been creating mischief ever since. They had plotted Ranjit Singh's downfall and were ever willing to spread hatred against him. Their role in the negotiations with Metcalfe in 1809 was little shon of treason. Ranjit Singh bad patiently borne the lash of her tongue and put up with her wayward loyalties because he respected her shrewd intuition and her boldness. But be distrusted her ambition and al the bottom of his heart hated her domineering ways.
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