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glossary of proper names Followed a successful expansionist policy until the Romans, who had finally defeated the Carthaginians, turned their attention to the threat he posed in 200 bc and comprehensively defeated him in 197 bc, confining him within the borders of Macedonia. philopoemen (253–183 bc) Greek statesman and general who led the Achaean army on numerous occasions. pitigliano, count of See orsini niccolò. pyrrhus (318–272 bc) King of Epirus, Pyrrhus was an ex- tremely successful military commander and a constant threat to the Romans in southern Italy and Sicily, where he also fought the Carthaginians. His costly victory at the Battle of Asculum in 279 bc led to the use of the expression ‘Pyrrhic victory’. romulus Legendary founder and first king of Rome. rouen, Cardinal of, later Archbishop of Georges d’Amboise (1460–1510). D’Amboise was already adviser to the Duke of Orleans when the latter acceded to the French throne (1498) as Louis XII. Louis at once made d’Amboise prime minister and persuaded Alexander VI to appoint him as cardinal as part of a more general agreement between the two. D’Amboise encouraged Louis in his Italian adventures and drew on the support of Cesare Borgia in an attempt to have himself elected pope on the death of Borgia’s father Alexander VI. rovere, giuliano de See julius ii. san giorgio Cardinal Raffaello Riario of Savona. san severino, ruberto da Mercenary commander who led Venetian forces in 1482 and died fighting for Venice in 1487. saul First king of Israel, chosen by the people about 1025 bc. savonarola, girolamo (1452–98) Born in Ferrara, Savona- rola studied philosophy and medicine before taking up a religious vocation in the Dominican Order of friar preachers. He first preached in Florence between 1482 and 1487 but was largely ignored until, on the advice of the Humanist Pico della Miran- dola, Lorenzo de’ Medici recalled him to Florence to head the influential monastery of San Marco in 1490. He then began a cycle of sermons denouncing corruption in the town and proph- esying doom and foreign invasion. When Charles VIII invaded Italy in 1494 and the Medici fled, his preaching appeared to be vindicated and he became head of the Florentine government,