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glossary of proper names emperor, but the two fell out and in 197, having lost the Battle of Lugdunum (modern Lyons), Albinus either killed himself or was killed. alexander Alexander the Great (356–323 bc), King of Mace- donia (336–323 bc). He conquered Greece, Persia, and much of Asia. alexander Marcus Aurelius Alexander Severus (208–235), Roman emperor (222–235). Adopted as his heir in 221 by the emperor Heliogabalus, who was also his first cousin, Alexander was eventually murdered by his own soldiers. alexander vi Rodrigo Borgia (1431–1503). Born in Valencia with the Spanish surname Borja, later Italianized to Borgia. Elected pope in 1492, Alexander openly recognized as many as eight illegitimate children, all of whom he tried to place in high positions. The most famous were Cesare Borgia and Lucrezia Borgia. Involved in endless intrigues to extend his territories and increase his wealth, Alexander was considered the most corrupt and grasping of the Renaissance popes. Although frequently accused of murder, usually by poison, there is no evidence that his own sudden illness and death in 1503 were the result of poisoning. antiochus Antiochus the Great (c.241–187 bc), King of Syria (223–187 bc). Spent most of his reign in military campaigns rebuilding the state he had inherited and conquering much of Asia Minor. In 192 bc he invaded Greece but was beaten by the Romans and eventually lost Asia Minor to them as well. antoninus caracalla see caracalla. ascanio See sforza, cardinal. baglioni The Baglioni family ruled Perugia, a town midway between Florence and Rome, in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. bentivogli, giovanni (1438–1508) Son of Annibale, ruler of Bologna, who was murdered in 1445 when Giovanni was just a child. After a long interregnum Giovanni eventually took his father’s place in 1462, but was forced to flee when Pope Julius II attacked the town in 1506. bergamo, bartolomeo da Bartolomeo Colleone (c.1395– 1475). Mercenary leader in the service of Venice and commander