SUSTAINABLE HOUSING INSIGHT Healthy Indoor Environment Design and construct the roofing system to deflect all water away from the roof and walls, and to prevent water from infiltrating the living spaces. Moisture in ceilings, walls and floors can promote mold growth, which could lead to health problems among occupants. Project water-shedding beyond materials below, and provide drip edges to deflect water outwards and away from cladding materials, windows, doors and penetrations. Energy Efficiency Consider designing and orienting the roof so that it may accommodate solar thermal and/or solar photovoltaic renewable energy production in future. Choose a roof finish with a service life equal to or greater than that of the renewable systems. Consider increasing roof sheathing thickness or reducing the spacing between roof framing members to accommodate future solar thermal and photovoltaic panels. Building integrated solar photovoltaics such as solar roof tiles can produce renewable energy without compromising the appearance of the roof. Resource Efficiency and Affordability Select the type of roof sheathing that best suits local requirements for durability, availability, place of manufacture and transportation cost. Reduce roof waste. Estimate quantities carefully. As much as possible, make the dimensions of roof surfaces a multiple of 400 or 600 mm (16 or 24 in.) to reduce waste from panel roof sheathing. Metal roofing can be re-used or recycled after the end of the building’s service life. Asphalt-fibreglass, metal, and concrete roof coverings are made from non-renewable materials. Wood products from a properly managed forest are renewable. The service life of asphalt-fibreglass shingles depends on their quality, roof slope and their exposure to sun and other weather conditions. Metal and concrete roof coverings can last significantly longer. Wood shingles can also last longer but this depends on many variables (drainage and drying, grain direction, susceptibility to splitting and curling, etc.). The service life of roof coverings can be maximized by providing conditions that allow them to dry between wettings. This means keeping roofs clear of leaves and branches and trimming overhanging branches to permit drying and prevent the growth of moss. Concrete roof coverings are very durable but heavy, and additional roof framing may be needed to provide adequate structural support. In areas with a high earthquake risk, additional structural reinforcement must be provided to support heavy roofing materials. Select a roof covering that has a good appearance, is durable and provides the best balance between initial cost and service life.