Tempo:
CHAP. IV
THE SIKHS COIN MONEY
89
conviction of hardy single-minded I'ss-ei. rather than the ceremonial belief of busy villagers, citizens, with thoughts diverted by the opposing interests and conventional usages of artificial society. The country around Lahore swarmed with horsemen; the But the prince and his guardian were wearied with their cum- Afghans broUs efforts to scatter them, and they found it prudent eventually to retire towards the Chenab. Lahore was temporarily !!*"^jifh"^ occupied by the triumphant Sikhs, and the same Jassa occupy Singh, who had proclaimed the 'Khalsa' to be a state Lahore and to possess an army, now gave it another symbol and coin of substantive power. He used the mint of the Mughals money, ^'^^^"^• to strike a rupee bearing the inscription, 'Coined by the grace of the "Khalsa" in the country of Ahmad, conquered by Jessa the Kalal.' ^ The Delhi minister had about this time called in The Marathe Marathas to enable him to expel' Najib-ud-daula, *^^^ .^* ^''^^ who, by his own address and power, and as the agent ^^^^^of Ahmad Shah Abdali, had become paramount in the imperial councils. Ghazi-ud-din easily induced Raghuba, the Peshwa's brother, to advance; IDelhi was occupied by the Marathas, and Najib-ud-daula escaped with difficulty. Adina Beg found the Sikhs less willing to defer to him than he had hoped; they were, moreover, not powerful enough to enable him to govern the Punjab unaided, and he accordingly invited the Marathas Maratha to extend their arms to the Indus. He had also a body aid against of Sikh followers, and he marched from the Jumna in "the Afghans company with Raghuba. Ahmad Shah's governor of nought by ^^^ Sirhind was expelled, but Adina Beg's Sikh allies tt'I"^ incensed the Marathas by anticipatmg them in the plunder of the town, which, after two generations of ^fg^g^Larapine, they considered as peculiarly their right. The hore, and Sikhs evacuated Lahore, and the several Afghan gar- appoints risons retired and left the Marathas masters of Multan Adina Beg and of Attock, as well as of the capital itself. Adina ^i^eroy of Beg became the governor of the Punjab, but his vision JJ^ ^n^sJ*^' of complete independence was arrested by death, and Adina Beg a few months after he had established his authority he dies, end was laid in his grave.- The Marathas seemed to see all of i758.
was the
living
Cf. Browne, Tracts, ii. 19: Malcolm, Sketch, p. 93, &c.; Elphinstone, Kabul, ii. 289; and Murray, Ranjit Singh, p. 15. Elphinstone, using Afghan accounts, says Adina Beg defeated a body of Taimur troops; and Murray, using apparently the accounts of Punjab Muhammadans, omits the occupation, of Lahore by the Sikhs. - Cf. Browne, India Tracts, ii. 19, 20; Forster, Travels, i. 317, 318; Elphinstone, Kabul ii. 290; and Grant Duff, History of the Marathas, ii. 132. Adina Beg appears to have died before 1
the end of 1758.
THE SIKHS COIN MONEY
89
conviction of hardy single-minded I'ss-ei. rather than the ceremonial belief of busy villagers, citizens, with thoughts diverted by the opposing interests and conventional usages of artificial society. The country around Lahore swarmed with horsemen; the But the prince and his guardian were wearied with their cum- Afghans broUs efforts to scatter them, and they found it prudent eventually to retire towards the Chenab. Lahore was temporarily !!*"^jifh"^ occupied by the triumphant Sikhs, and the same Jassa occupy Singh, who had proclaimed the 'Khalsa' to be a state Lahore and to possess an army, now gave it another symbol and coin of substantive power. He used the mint of the Mughals money, ^'^^^"^• to strike a rupee bearing the inscription, 'Coined by the grace of the "Khalsa" in the country of Ahmad, conquered by Jessa the Kalal.' ^ The Delhi minister had about this time called in The Marathe Marathas to enable him to expel' Najib-ud-daula, *^^^ .^* ^''^^ who, by his own address and power, and as the agent ^^^^^of Ahmad Shah Abdali, had become paramount in the imperial councils. Ghazi-ud-din easily induced Raghuba, the Peshwa's brother, to advance; IDelhi was occupied by the Marathas, and Najib-ud-daula escaped with difficulty. Adina Beg found the Sikhs less willing to defer to him than he had hoped; they were, moreover, not powerful enough to enable him to govern the Punjab unaided, and he accordingly invited the Marathas Maratha to extend their arms to the Indus. He had also a body aid against of Sikh followers, and he marched from the Jumna in "the Afghans company with Raghuba. Ahmad Shah's governor of nought by ^^^ Sirhind was expelled, but Adina Beg's Sikh allies tt'I"^ incensed the Marathas by anticipatmg them in the plunder of the town, which, after two generations of ^fg^g^Larapine, they considered as peculiarly their right. The hore, and Sikhs evacuated Lahore, and the several Afghan gar- appoints risons retired and left the Marathas masters of Multan Adina Beg and of Attock, as well as of the capital itself. Adina ^i^eroy of Beg became the governor of the Punjab, but his vision JJ^ ^n^sJ*^' of complete independence was arrested by death, and Adina Beg a few months after he had established his authority he dies, end was laid in his grave.- The Marathas seemed to see all of i758.
was the
living
Cf. Browne, Tracts, ii. 19: Malcolm, Sketch, p. 93, &c.; Elphinstone, Kabul, ii. 289; and Murray, Ranjit Singh, p. 15. Elphinstone, using Afghan accounts, says Adina Beg defeated a body of Taimur troops; and Murray, using apparently the accounts of Punjab Muhammadans, omits the occupation, of Lahore by the Sikhs. - Cf. Browne, India Tracts, ii. 19, 20; Forster, Travels, i. 317, 318; Elphinstone, Kabul ii. 290; and Grant Duff, History of the Marathas, ii. 132. Adina Beg appears to have died before 1
the end of 1758.
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