Tempo:
The first floor framing consists of sill plates bolted to the foundation walls, with rim (header) joists and floor joists toe-nailed to the sill plates. Headers, trimmers and beams are used to carry loads around floor openings. Main support beams or load-bearing walls in the basement are usually required as intermediate supports for the floor. Other floors are similar except that the rim joists and floor joists rest on a wall top plate instead of the sill plate.
SILL PLATES AND ANCHORS The sill plate should be levelled carefully. If the top of the foundation is level, the sill plate may be laid directly on caulking placed on the top of the concrete or over a closed-cell foam gasket or other air-impermeable material of the same width as the sill plate. If the top of the foundation is uneven or not level, the sill plate may be laid in a full bed of mortar. All sill plates must be anchored to the foundation wall
with anchor bolts at least 12.7 mm (½ in.) in diameter spaced not more than 2.4 m (8 ft.) on centre or other approved anchors. Buildings with two or more floors located in areas where the exposure category to earthquake or wind is high are required to have stronger anchorage.
COLUMNS AND BEAMS Wood or steel columns are usually used in the basement to support beams, which, in turn, support the inner portion of the first-floor joists as well as loads from upper floors transferred through walls, floors and posts. Cylindrical structural-steel columns (called “teleposts”) with adjustable lengths and bearing plates at both ends are commonly used to support beams. The top plate should be as wide as the beam it supports and either be bolted to the flange where a steel beam is used or nailed where a wood beam is used.
SILL PLATES AND ANCHORS The sill plate should be levelled carefully. If the top of the foundation is level, the sill plate may be laid directly on caulking placed on the top of the concrete or over a closed-cell foam gasket or other air-impermeable material of the same width as the sill plate. If the top of the foundation is uneven or not level, the sill plate may be laid in a full bed of mortar. All sill plates must be anchored to the foundation wall
with anchor bolts at least 12.7 mm (½ in.) in diameter spaced not more than 2.4 m (8 ft.) on centre or other approved anchors. Buildings with two or more floors located in areas where the exposure category to earthquake or wind is high are required to have stronger anchorage.
COLUMNS AND BEAMS Wood or steel columns are usually used in the basement to support beams, which, in turn, support the inner portion of the first-floor joists as well as loads from upper floors transferred through walls, floors and posts. Cylindrical structural-steel columns (called “teleposts”) with adjustable lengths and bearing plates at both ends are commonly used to support beams. The top plate should be as wide as the beam it supports and either be bolted to the flange where a steel beam is used or nailed where a wood beam is used.
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