Tempo:
assumed that the spacing between framing members will conform to the actual metric dimensions of 305, 406 and 610 mm.
PLATFORM FRAMING Platform construction is the most common method for framing a house. The floor platform is built first and the walls for each story are added above each floor. Prefabricated walls can be assembled on the floor platform, or walls can be built horizontally on top of the floor and then be tilted into place without using heavy lifting equipment. The bottom and top plates, which are an integral part of the wall framing, provide fire blocks at the floor and ceiling and also nailing support for wall sheathing and interior finish.
BALLOON FRAMING Balloon framing was common up to the early part of the 20th century and is now used only occasionally. Unlike platform framing, the studs used for exterior and some interior walls are continuous, passing beyond the floors to the top plates that support the roof framing. Floors are supported by ribbon boards inset into the wall studs. Unlike platform construction that provides fire blocking at each wall-floor junction, fire blocks must be specifically added to balloon frame construction to prevent fire from spreading from one floor to the next through the wall cavity. Because there are fewer horizontal members (rim joists and wall plates), there is less vertical shrinkage with balloon framing compared to platform framing. In some two-storey houses, the intermediate load-bearing wall in an otherwise platformframed house is balloon-framed to provide convenient passage for heating ducts and pipes.
ADVANCED FRAMING TECHNIQUES Consider using advanced framing techniques (AFT), also referred to as optimum value engineering, to reduce the amount of wood framing used in construction by eliminating wood where it is structurally unnecessary, reduce the amount of site-generated construction waste, improve the thermal resistance of the building envelope and reduce construction costs. AFT requires careful coordination of the location of roof, floor and wall framing members. Advanced framing situates trusses, rafters or roof joists and floor framing members directly over load-bearing studs so that a single top plate can be used. With AFT, cripples and jack studs underneath lintels may be eliminated especially when the location of door and window openings in the exterior wall is coordinated with modular stud spacing and use window sizes that fit between the studs, and replaced with metal hangers, where larger openings are located in exterior loadbearing walls. For non-loadbearing exterior walls, cripples and jack studs may be removed as they serve no structural purpose and occupy space that could otherwise be filled with insulation.
STRUCTURAL STRENGTH The combination of dimension lumber or engineered wood and wood panel sheathing gives wall, floor and roof assemblies the strength to resist vertical loads (snow, occupants and contents) and horizontal loads (wind and earthquake). Partitions, closets and finishes such as gypsum board (drywall) also add rigidity. Where additional strength is required because of a high risk of exposure to earthquake or wind, the floors, walls and roofs can be made stronger by using thicker sheathing panels and by placing the fasteners closer together.
PLATFORM FRAMING Platform construction is the most common method for framing a house. The floor platform is built first and the walls for each story are added above each floor. Prefabricated walls can be assembled on the floor platform, or walls can be built horizontally on top of the floor and then be tilted into place without using heavy lifting equipment. The bottom and top plates, which are an integral part of the wall framing, provide fire blocks at the floor and ceiling and also nailing support for wall sheathing and interior finish.
BALLOON FRAMING Balloon framing was common up to the early part of the 20th century and is now used only occasionally. Unlike platform framing, the studs used for exterior and some interior walls are continuous, passing beyond the floors to the top plates that support the roof framing. Floors are supported by ribbon boards inset into the wall studs. Unlike platform construction that provides fire blocking at each wall-floor junction, fire blocks must be specifically added to balloon frame construction to prevent fire from spreading from one floor to the next through the wall cavity. Because there are fewer horizontal members (rim joists and wall plates), there is less vertical shrinkage with balloon framing compared to platform framing. In some two-storey houses, the intermediate load-bearing wall in an otherwise platformframed house is balloon-framed to provide convenient passage for heating ducts and pipes.
ADVANCED FRAMING TECHNIQUES Consider using advanced framing techniques (AFT), also referred to as optimum value engineering, to reduce the amount of wood framing used in construction by eliminating wood where it is structurally unnecessary, reduce the amount of site-generated construction waste, improve the thermal resistance of the building envelope and reduce construction costs. AFT requires careful coordination of the location of roof, floor and wall framing members. Advanced framing situates trusses, rafters or roof joists and floor framing members directly over load-bearing studs so that a single top plate can be used. With AFT, cripples and jack studs underneath lintels may be eliminated especially when the location of door and window openings in the exterior wall is coordinated with modular stud spacing and use window sizes that fit between the studs, and replaced with metal hangers, where larger openings are located in exterior loadbearing walls. For non-loadbearing exterior walls, cripples and jack studs may be removed as they serve no structural purpose and occupy space that could otherwise be filled with insulation.
STRUCTURAL STRENGTH The combination of dimension lumber or engineered wood and wood panel sheathing gives wall, floor and roof assemblies the strength to resist vertical loads (snow, occupants and contents) and horizontal loads (wind and earthquake). Partitions, closets and finishes such as gypsum board (drywall) also add rigidity. Where additional strength is required because of a high risk of exposure to earthquake or wind, the floors, walls and roofs can be made stronger by using thicker sheathing panels and by placing the fasteners closer together.
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